1.Cylinders on Demand:-
This type of engine only uses the cylinders it needs, when it needs them. For example, when the Audi S8 is accelerating from 0 to 62 miles per hour (100 kilometers per hour) in 4.2 seconds, it requires all eight of its cylinders to be firing.
This type of engine only uses the cylinders it needs, when it needs them. For example, when the Audi S8 is accelerating from 0 to 62 miles per hour (100 kilometers per hour) in 4.2 seconds, it requires all eight of its cylinders to be firing.
But when it reaches cruising speed a few seconds later, it no longer has that heavy workload to maintain. Four of those eight cylinders cut out completely, so the engine acts like a four-cylinder. If you need to pass, the other four cylinders kick in again, and then cut out when the car's speed is steady again. This technology improves fuel efficiency by about 10 percent when cruising along at speed.
2. EV Power Boost:-
Over the past decade and more, electric-gasoline hybrid systems have become commonplace. There isn't a city in America that doesn't have a Toyota Prius, Ford Escape, or any other hybrid tooling around its streets. The technology works, the batteries last and the gas mileage is some of the best in the world.
Over the past decade and more, electric-gasoline hybrid systems have become commonplace. There isn't a city in America that doesn't have a Toyota Prius, Ford Escape, or any other hybrid tooling around its streets. The technology works, the batteries last and the gas mileage is some of the best in the world.
But the fun factor for many hybrids is admittedly low. Jaguar is set to remedy that, with its "push to pass" button in the C-X16 concept shown at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. It's powered by a supercharged 3-liter V-6 gasoline engine and an electric motor, just as most hybrids are.
3. Flex Fuel:-
This technology, which allows a driver to choose between regular gasoline or an ethanol blend, has been around for a while. Ethanol blends are designated by the letter E followed by a number; E85 means the fuel is 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. The Flex Fuel badge usually means the vehicle can use up to E85, as well as lower-percentage blends like E10.
This technology, which allows a driver to choose between regular gasoline or an ethanol blend, has been around for a while. Ethanol blends are designated by the letter E followed by a number; E85 means the fuel is 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. The Flex Fuel badge usually means the vehicle can use up to E85, as well as lower-percentage blends like E10.
Often, you'll find that Flex Fuel vehicles are big trucks and SUVs that drink fuel like a fish drinks water. Ethanol has a higher octane rating, but you get fewer miles per gallon when using it. On the plus side, ethanol can be made from biological sources.
4. Direct Injection:-
Most of the engines on the road today mix the fuel and air before introducing them to the combustion chamber. In a direct-injected engine, highly pressurized fuel is squirted directly into the combustion chamber at the top of the piston's stroke, near the spark plug.
Most of the engines on the road today mix the fuel and air before introducing them to the combustion chamber. In a direct-injected engine, highly pressurized fuel is squirted directly into the combustion chamber at the top of the piston's stroke, near the spark plug.
Since this creates quite a bit of pressure in the combustion chamber, direct injection can cause knocking, too, just like higher compression ratios. Ford Motor Company has solved this problem by combining direct injection with turbo charging, which uses exhaust gases to boost performance.
5. Higher Compression Ratios:-
One way to improve performance and fuel economy is to increase the compression ratio inside the engine. The compression ratio refers to the amount of fuel and air squeezed into the combustion chamber. When this ratio is higher, it uses fuel more efficiently.
One way to improve performance and fuel economy is to increase the compression ratio inside the engine. The compression ratio refers to the amount of fuel and air squeezed into the combustion chamber. When this ratio is higher, it uses fuel more efficiently.
Mazda is using this approach to its latest generation of vehicles, both diesel- and gasoline-powered. The SKYACTIV-G gasoline engine, for example, uses a 13:1 compression ratio in North America, where the norm is 10:1. SKYACTIV-G vehicles in Europe have a 14:1 ratio, since more people in Europe use high-octane gasoline regularly.
The problem with higher compression ratios is usuall
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